Rules of athletics

Rules for the Running Events

•  Runner must remain in lane throughout race, and  start from behind the start line.
• Runner must wear sneakers or athletic shoes.
• Jumping the gun will cause a false start, which could lead to disqualification from the competition.

Rules for the Relay Events

• Runners must pass the baton within the exchange zone and not throw the baton to make a pass.
• Within the takeover zone, it is only the position of the baton which is decisive, and not the position or location of the body or limbs of the competitors.

 Rules for the Long Jump

• Always start behind the takeoff line. 
• The best of three non-consecutive jumps will be marked as the final score.
• Measure the distance of the jump from the takeoff line.
•  Athlete must be able to jump at least 1M, the minimum distance between the toe board and sand pit, and they must use  both feet on the take-off

Rules for the High Jump

• Do not touch the pit, standards or bar, or cross the horizontal plane, when deciding not to jump after a bad approach, the approach can be restarted if the pit, bar or horizontal plane has not been touched and time remains.
• Do not take off from both feet. High jumps of any style must be made from a one-foot takeoff.
• Exit the pit from the sides or the rear. 

Rules for the Throwing Events

• Use an official size and weight softball, tennis ball or shot.
• Enter and exit the back of the throwing ring/circle or area.
• Do not step over the softball throw foul line, or on or over the shot-put toe board.
• Shot Put: A legal put must be initiated from the shoulder and the crotch of the neck with one hand only.  

Rules for the Wheelchair Racing

• Wheelchair athletes must start races with the front wheels behind the start line, and all the other running rules apply. 

Athletes with a physical disability

• Athletes with a physical disability have competed at separate international events since 1952.

• In wheelchair racing athletes compete in lightweight racing chairs. Most major marathons have wheelchair divisions and the elite racers consistently beat the runners on foot.

The schedules of their coaches to guide all athletes

• All training sessions should be preceded by a warm up to increase the body temperature and reduce muscle stiffness in preparation for the physical exertion ahead.

• after training, a cool down routine should be performed in order to relax tired muscles, reduce waste products in the muscles and blood and reduce the body temperature.

Race walking

• Race walking is a form of competitive walking which is usually contested on open-air roads, although running tracks are also used.

•  Race walking is the only sport in athletics in which judges monitor athletes on their technique.

•  Race walkers must always have a foot in contact with the ground and their advancing leg must be straightened, not bent at the knee.

• The most common competition are over 10m, 20 km and 50 km on roads.

Road running

• Road running competitions are running events for a long distance which are mainly been held on paved or tarmac roads

• The most common distance of road running marathon is between 10 km to 5 km.

• The marathon is the only road running event featured at the World Championships in Athletics and the Summer Olympics.

Cross country running

• Cross country is the most naturalistic of the sports in athletics. 

• Competitions take place on open-air courses over surfaces such as grass, woodland trails, and earth.

• Competitions are typically long distance races of 4 km and will be held in Autumn and Winter.

The word athletics comes from words ἄθλος ('athlos') that means prize. 

Track and field

• Track and field comes in both indoor and outdoor formats.

•  Indoor competitions occurring in winter, while outdoor events are mostly held in summer.

• Types of running events are held on the track which fall into distance categories: sprints, middle-distance and long-distance track events.

• The field events come in two types jumping and throwing competitions.

• Throwing events they measure by how far they hurl an implement, the common events are the shot put, discus, javelin and hammer throw. 

• There are four common jumping events: the long jump and triple jump that they will be measured by the horizontal distance that they jump, while the high jump and pole vault are decided on the height achieved.

The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.

 

Track and field

Road running

                                                                                                    Cross Country running





                           Race walking




Athletics is mostly used as an individual sport, with relay races and competitions which combine the performances for a team score, such as cross country.

Athletics

Athletics


Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.